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Planning Legislation 

An urban planning legislation course explores the legal frameworks, policies, and regulations governing land use, zoning, infrastructure development, and environmental sustainability in urban areas. It equips students with knowledge of planning laws, governance structures, and legal tools to create sustainable and well-regulated cities.

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Acts and Laws of Japan

1) City Planning Act of Japan

The City Planning Act of Japan establishes the legal framework for urban development, zoning, land use control, and infrastructure planning to promote orderly and sustainable city growth.

2) Parking Law of Japan

Japan's Parking Law regulates the development, management, and use of parking spaces to reduce traffic congestion and ensure efficient land use in urban areas.

3) National Landuse Planning Act

Japan's National Land Use Act regulates land classification and planning to ensure balanced development, environmental conservation, and sustainable land management across the country.

4) National Spatial Planning Act

Japan's National Spatial Planning Act establishes a framework for coordinated regional and national land development, promoting balanced growth, disaster resilience, and environmental sustainability.

5) Urban Renewal Special Measure Law

Japan's Urban Renewal Special Measures Law facilitates redevelopment projects by providing legal and financial support for revitalizing aging urban areas and improving infrastructure.

6) Building Standard Act

Japan's Building Standard Act sets regulations for construction safety, design, and land use to ensure structural integrity, fire resistance, and environmental harmony in buildings.

7) Traffic Act

Japan's Road Traffic Act regulates vehicle operations, pedestrian safety, and traffic management to prevent accidents and ensure smooth transportation flow.

8) National Capital Region Development Act

Japan's National Capital Region Development Act regulates land use, infrastructure, and urban growth in the Tokyo metropolitan area to promote balanced development and reduce overconcentration.

9) Sewerage Law

Japan's Sewerage Law regulates the development, maintenance, and management of sewer systems to promote public health, environmental protection, and effective wastewater treatment.

10) Natural Parks Act Japan

Japan's Natural Parks Act protects and manages national parks, quasi-national parks, and prefectural parks to conserve natural landscapes, biodiversity, and promote sustainable tourism.

11) Traffic Rules 

Japan's traffic rules, governed by the Road Traffic Act, regulate speed limits, signaling, pedestrian rights, and vehicle operations to ensure road safety and efficient transportation.

12) Act Concerning Urbanization Control Area

Japan's Act Concerning Urbanization Control Areas designates zones to restrict unplanned development, ensuring orderly urban growth and protecting agricultural and natural land.

13) Urban Planning System in Japan (JICA)

The document Urban Planning System in Japan by JICA outlines Japan’s urban planning framework, including zoning, land use regulations, and policies for sustainable and resilient city development.

14) Land Readjustment in Japan

Land readjustment in Japan is a planning technique that reorganizes land parcels to improve infrastructure, optimize land use, and facilitate urban development while maintaining landownership.

15) Land Use Planning in Japan

Land use planning in Japan regulates zoning, development, and environmental conservation to ensure balanced urban growth, efficient infrastructure, and sustainable land management.

Acts and Laws of USA

1) Community Reinvestment Act

The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) of the USA, enacted in 1977, encourages banks to meet the credit needs of low- and moderate-income communities while preventing discriminatory lending practices.

2) Housing Act 1949

The Housing Act of 1949 in the USA aimed to provide federal funding for slum clearance, urban renewal, and affordable housing development to improve living conditions and promote homeownership.

3) Housing and Community Development Act 1974

The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 established the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program, providing federal funding to support affordable housing, urban development, and economic revitalization in low-income communities.

4) Model City Act 1966

The Model Cities Act of 1966 was part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society initiative, aiming to combat urban poverty by funding comprehensive community development, housing, and social service programs in distressed areas.

5) Housing & Urban Development Act 1968

The Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968 expanded federal housing programs, established the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), and promoted homeownership and affordable housing development, particularly for low- and moderate-income families.

Acts and Laws of India

1) Model Town Planning Act (Explanatory Notes)

India's Model Town and Country Planning Act provides a framework for states to regulate urban and regional planning, focusing on zoning, land use, infrastructure development, and sustainable growth.

2) Model Town Planning Act

India's Model Town and Country Planning Act provides a framework for states to regulate urban and regional planning, focusing on zoning, land use, infrastructure development, and sustainable growth.

3) Motor Vehicle Act 1988

India's Motor Vehicles Act of 1988 regulates road transport, vehicle registration, driver licensing, traffic management, and safety standards to ensure efficient and safe mobility.

4) Wildlife Protection Act 1972

India's Wildlife Protection Act was enacted in 1972 (not 1978) to protect wildlife, regulate hunting, and establish protected areas like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries for biodiversity conservation.

5) Maharashtra Regional Town & Country Planning Act 

The Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning (MRTP) Act, 1966, provides a framework for planned urban and regional development in Maharashtra by regulating land use, zoning, infrastructure, and development plans.

6) Uttarakhand Urban & Country Planning Act

The Uttarakhand Urban and Country Planning Act regulates land use, zoning, and urban development to ensure planned growth, infrastructure development, and environmental sustainability in the state.

7) Land Acquisition Act 1894

The Land Acquisition Act of 1894 was a colonial-era law enacted by the British government in India to regulate the process of acquiring private land for public purposes, often criticized for enabling forced acquisitions without adequate compensation or rehabilitation for affected landowners.

8) Right to Fair Compensation Act 2013

The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 replaced the Land Acquisition Act of 1894, ensuring fair compensation, rehabilitation, and transparency in land acquisition while safeguarding the rights of affected individuals.

9) Indian Contract Act 1872

The Indian Contract Act, 1872, governs the formation, execution, and enforcement of contracts in India, establishing legal principles related to agreements, obligations, and remedies for breach.

10) Indian Contract Act Amended Bill 2024

The Indian Contract (Amendment) Bill, 2024, seeks to update the definition of "coercion" under Section 15 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, by replacing references to the repealed Indian Penal Code with a broader phrase covering offenses punishable under any law in force.

11) The Specific Relief Act 1877

The Specific Relief Act, 1877, governed the legal framework for granting specific relief, including enforcement of contractual obligations and recovery of possession, before being replaced by the Specific Relief Act, 1963.

12) The Specific Relief Act 1963

The Specific Relief Act, 1963, provides legal remedies for the enforcement of civil rights, including specific performance of contracts, injunctions, and rectification of instruments, replacing the earlier 1877 Act.

13) Mediation Act 2023

The Mediation Act, 2023, establishes a legal framework for mediation in India, promoting alternative dispute resolution by making mediation a preferred mechanism for resolving civil and commercial disputes.

14) Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996

The Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, provides a legal framework for domestic and international arbitration and conciliation, aiming to ensure fair, efficient, and enforceable dispute resolution outside the courts.

15) Transfer of Property Act 1882

The Transfer of Property Act, 1882, governs the transfer of property in India, outlining the legal principles for the sale, mortgage, lease, exchange, and gift of immovable and movable property.

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